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SOS: A Simple Operating System
Compilation/Installation/Test instructions
Compilation
===========
IMPORTANT
---------
Don't forget to run 'make clean' before 'make' after you have modified
any source or header file(s).
On a x86 host where grub is correctly installed
-----------------------------------------------
Simply run 'make'
On a non-x86 host (without grub of course !)
--------------------------------------------
See extra/README
On an x86 host without Grub, or with a buggy Grub
-------------------------------------------------
See extra/README
How do I know I have a buggy grub installation ? Answer: in the qemu
PC emulator, Grub hangs while loading the kernel
Installation
============
Nothing special to do besides compiling
Test the SOS Kernel
===================
On a x86 real machine with Grub installed
-----------------------------------------
1st method
=> Boot the sos.elf file (append 'kernel=<path_to>sos.elf' in the
menu.lst or type it on Grub's command line) from a hard disk, a
floppy, or from the network
2nd method
=> Copy the file 'fd.img' to a floppy and boot from it
On a x86 real machine without Grub installed
--------------------------------------------
1st method
=> see extra/README to compile with the grub floppy image we provide,
copy the file 'fd.img' to a floppy, and boot from it
2nd method
=> see extra/README to compile with the boot sector we provide (up to
article 2 only), copy the file 'extra/sos_bsect.img' to a floppy,
and boot from it
Inside a PC emulator (x86 and non-x86 hosts)
--------------------------------------------
Tested on both the bochs emulator (x86/linux, sparc/solaris and
ppc/linux hosts, 'apt-get install bochs-x vgabios' on debian
testing/unstable), and the qemu system emulator (with libsdl
installed: 'apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev' on debian
testing/unstable).
1/ Grub is installed on the host (x86 hosts only)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
bochs: boot from the file 'fd.img'. Example of a ~/.bochsrc:
floppya: 1_44=/home/d2/sos/fd.img, status=inserted
romimage: file=/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-latest, address=0xf0000
vgaromimage: /usr/share/vgabios/vgabios.bin
megs:63 # 63 Mo de RAM
qemu: run 'qemu -fda fd.img'
If grub hangs while loading the kernel, please go to method 2/
2/ Grub is not installed (all hosts)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
See extra/README to generate a floppy image with the Grub floppy
image we provide, and:
bochs: boot from the file 'fd.img'
qemu: run 'qemu -fda fd.img'
3/ Bonus: boot with the bootsector we provide (all hosts, up to art. 2 ONLY !)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
See extra/README to generate a floppy image with the boot sector we
provide, and:
bochs: boot from the file 'extra/sos_bsect.img'
qemu: run 'qemu -fda extra/sos_qemu.img'
NOTE: After article 2, this way of booting is not supported: please
use the method 2/ above.
--
David Decotigny

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

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CC=gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -nostdlib -nostdinc -ffreestanding -DKERNEL_SOS
LDFLAGS = --warn-common
OBJECTS = bootstrap/multiboot.o \
hwcore/idt.o hwcore/gdt.o \
hwcore/exception.o hwcore/exception_wrappers.o \
hwcore/irq.o hwcore/irq_wrappers.o hwcore/i8259.o \
hwcore/i8254.o drivers/x86_videomem.o drivers/bochs.o \
sos/klibc.o sos/main.o
KERNEL_OBJ = sos.elf
MULTIBOOT_IMAGE = fd.img
PWD := $(shell pwd)
# Main target
all: $(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE)
$(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_OBJ)
./support/build_image.sh $@ $<
$(KERNEL_OBJ): $(OBJECTS) ./support/sos.lds
$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -T ./support/sos.lds -o $@ $(OBJECTS)
-nm -C $@ | cut -d ' ' -f 1,3 > sos.map
-include .mkvars
# Create objects from C source code
%.o: %.c
$(CC) -I$(PWD) -c $< $(CFLAGS) -o $@
# Create objects from assembler (.S) source code
%.o: %.S
$(CC) -I$(PWD) -c $< $(CFLAGS) -DASM_SOURCE=1 -o $@
# Clean directory
clean:
$(RM) *.img *.o mtoolsrc *~ menu.txt *.img *.elf *.bin *.map
$(RM) *.log *.out bochs*
$(RM) bootstrap/*.o bootstrap/*~
$(RM) drivers/*.o drivers/*~
$(RM) hwcore/*.o hwcore/*~
$(RM) sos/*.o sos/*~
$(RM) support/*~
$(RM) extra/*~

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SOS: A Simple Operating System
This is SOS, a Simple Operating System for i386-family
processors. This is as simple as possible to show a way to program a
basic Operating System on real common hardware (PC). The code should
be easily readable and understandable thanks to frequent comments, and
references to external documentation. We chose to implement the basic
features of an OS, thus making design decisions targetting towards
simplicity of understanding, covering most of the OS classical
concepts, but not aiming at proposing yet another full-fledged
competitive OS (Linux is quite good at it). However, for those who
would like to propose some enhancements, we are open to any code
suggestions (patches only, please). And yes, there might be bugs in
the code, so please send us any bug report, and/or patches !
The OS comes as a set of articles (in french) to be published in the
journal "Linux Magazine France". Each month, the part of the code
related to the current article's theme is released (see VERSION file),
and the resulting OS can be successfully compiled and run, by booting
it from a floppy on a real machine (tested AMD k7, Cyrix and Intel P4
pentiums), or through an x86 emulator (bochs or qemu). The resulting
OS is available as a multiboot compliant ELF kernel (sos.elf) and as a
floppy image (fd.img). It provides a very very very basic demo whose
aim is to understand how everything works, not to animate sprites on
the screen with 5:1 dolby sound.
The initial technical features and lack-of-features of the OS are:
- monolithic kernel, fully interruptible, non-preemptible (big kernel
lock), target machines = i386 PC or better
- compiles on any host where the gcc/binutils toolchain (target
i586-gnu) is available. Can be tested on real i486/pentium
hardware, or on any host that can run an i486/pentium PC emulator
(bochs or qemu)
- kernel loaded by grub, or by a sample bootsector (up to article 2
ONLY)
- clear separation of physical memory and virtual memory concepts,
even inside the kernel: no identity-mapping of the physical memory
inside the kernel (allows to move virtual mappings of kernel pages
at run-time, eg to free ISA DMA pages, and to avercome the 4G RAM
barrier)
- slab-type kernel memory allocation
- no swap, no reverse mapping
- VERY simple drivers: keyboard, x86 video memory, IDE disks
- logical devices: partitions, FAT filesystem, "hard-coded"
mountpoints only (~ MSDOS)
- no network stack
- user-level features: ELF loader (no shared libraries), processes,
user threads (kernel-level scheduling only), mmap API, basic VFS
To understand where to look at for what, here is a brief description:
- Makefile: the (ONLY) makefile of the OS. Targets are basically
'all' and 'clean'
- bootstrap/ directory: code to load the kernel. Both the stuff
needed for a multiboot-compliant loader (eg grub) AND a bootsector
are provided. The bootsector may only be used up to article 2.
- sos/ directory: the entry routine for the kernel (main.c), various
systemwide header files, a set of common useful C routines
("nano-klibc"), and kernel subsystems (kernel memory management,
etc...)
- hwcore/ directory: Low-level CPU- and kernel-related routines
(interrupt/exception management, translation tables and segment
registers, ...)
- drivers/ directory: basic kernel drivers for various (non CPU)
devices (keyboard, x86 video memory, bochs 0xe9 port, ...). Used
mainly for debugging
- support/ directory: scripts and configuration files to build the
floppy images
- extra/ directory: a set of configuration files to be customized for
non-x86 host installations (yes, we primarily develop SOS on a ppc, for
the x86 target of course), or for grub-less installations. See
README file in this directory.
The code is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL version 2 (see
LICENSE file).
Enjoy !
David Decotigny, Thomas Petazzoni, the Kos team
http://sos.enix.org/
http://david.decotigny.free.fr/
http://kos.enix.org/~thomas/
http://kos.enix.org/
--
David Decotigny
PS: Made with a Mac.

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SOS -- Simple OS
Copyright (C) 2003,2004 The SOS Team (David Decotigny & Thomas Petazzoni)
Version "Article 2" -- Basic interrupt & processor exception management
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
See the LICENSE file included in the distribution.

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/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
/* The operating system is booted by Grub, so we almost have nothing
to do to boot it. We only have to conform to the Multiboot
standard, as defined by the Grub documentation */
#define ASM 1
/* The multiboot.h header contains a lot of multiboot standard
definitions */
#include "multiboot.h"
/* The multiboot header itself. It must come first. */
.section ".multiboot"
/* Multiboot header must be aligned on a 4-byte boundary */
.align 4
multiboot_header:
/* magic= */ .long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC
/* flags= */ .long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS
/* checksum= */ .long -(MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC \
+MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS)
/* header_addr= */ .long multiboot_header
/* load_addr= */ .long __b_kernel
/* load_end_addr=*/ .long __e_load
/* bss_end_addr= */ .long __e_kernel
/* entry_addr= */ .long multiboot_entry
/* Here is the beginning of the code of our operating system */
.text
.globl start, _start
start:
_start:
multiboot_entry:
/* Set up a stack */
movl $(stack + MULTIBOOT_STACK_SIZE), %ebp
movl %ebp, %esp
/* Set EFLAGS to 0 */
pushl $0
/* pop stack into the EFLAGS register */
popf
/* Push the magic and the address on the stack, so that they
will be the parameters of the cmain function */
pushl %ebx
pushl %eax
/* Call the cmain function (os.c) */
call EXT_C(sos_main)
/* Should never get there */
loop:
hlt
jmp loop
/* Here is the stack */
.comm stack, MULTIBOOT_STACK_SIZE

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#ifndef __MULTIBOOT_H__
#define __MULTIBOOT_H__
/* multiboot.h - the header for Multiboot */
/* Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
/* Macros. */
/* The magic number for the Multiboot header. */
#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC 0x1BADB002
/* The flags for the Multiboot header. */
#define MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS 0x00010003
/* The magic number passed by a Multiboot-compliant boot loader. */
#define MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC 0x2BADB002
/* The size of our stack (16KB). */
#define MULTIBOOT_STACK_SIZE 0x4000
#define MULTIBOOT_CMDLINE 4
#define MULTIBOOT_MODS 8
/* C symbol format. HAVE_ASM_USCORE is defined by configure. */
#ifdef HAVE_ASM_USCORE
# define EXT_C(sym) _ ## sym
#else
# define EXT_C(sym) sym
#endif
#ifndef ASM
/* Do not include here in boot.S. */
/* Types. */
/* The Multiboot header. */
typedef struct multiboot_header
{
unsigned long magic;
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long checksum;
unsigned long header_addr;
unsigned long load_addr;
unsigned long load_end_addr;
unsigned long bss_end_addr;
unsigned long entry_addr;
} multiboot_header_t;
/* The symbol table for a.out. */
typedef struct aout_symbol_table
{
unsigned long tabsize;
unsigned long strsize;
unsigned long addr;
unsigned long reserved;
} aout_symbol_table_t;
/* The section header table for ELF. */
typedef struct elf_section_header_table
{
unsigned long num;
unsigned long size;
unsigned long addr;
unsigned long shndx;
} elf_section_header_table_t;
/* The Multiboot information. */
typedef struct multiboot_info
{
unsigned long flags;
unsigned long mem_lower;
unsigned long mem_upper;
unsigned long boot_device;
unsigned long cmdline;
unsigned long mods_count;
unsigned long mods_addr;
union
{
aout_symbol_table_t aout_sym;
elf_section_header_table_t elf_sec;
} u;
unsigned long mmap_length;
unsigned long mmap_addr;
unsigned long drives_length;
unsigned long drives_addr;
} multiboot_info_t;
/* The module structure. */
typedef struct module
{
unsigned long mod_start;
unsigned long mod_end;
unsigned long string;
unsigned long reserved;
} module_t;
/* The memory map. Be careful that the offset 0 is base_addr_low
but no size. */
typedef struct memory_map
{
unsigned long size;
unsigned long base_addr_low;
unsigned long base_addr_high;
unsigned long length_low;
unsigned long length_high;
unsigned long type;
} memory_map_t;
void dump_multiboot_info(multiboot_info_t *mbi);
#endif /* ! ASM */
#endif /* __MULTIBOOT_H__ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include <hwcore/ioports.h>
#include <sos/klibc.h>
#include "bochs.h"
/* This is a special hack that is only useful when running the
operating system under the Bochs emulator. */
#define SOS_BOCHS_IOPORT 0xe9
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_setup(void)
{
return SOS_OK;
}
#define sos_bochs_putchar(chr) \
outb((chr), SOS_BOCHS_IOPORT)
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_putstring(const char* str)
{
for ( ; str && (*str != '\0') ; str++)
sos_bochs_putchar(*str);
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_puthex(unsigned val, int nbytes)
{
unsigned c;
#define BOCHS_PRTHEX(q) \
({ unsigned char r; if ((q) >= 10) r='a'+(q)-10; \
else r='0'+(q); sos_bochs_putchar(r); })
switch (nbytes)
{
case 4:
c = (val >> 24) & 0xff;
BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf);
BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf);
case 3:
c = (val >> 16) & 0xff;
BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf);
BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf);
case 2:
c = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf);
BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf);
case 1:
c = val & 0xff;
BOCHS_PRTHEX((c >> 4)&0xf);
BOCHS_PRTHEX(c&0xf);
}
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_hexdump(const void* addr, int nbytes)
{
int offs;
for (offs = 0 ; offs < nbytes ; offs++)
{
const unsigned char *c;
if ((offs % 16) == 0)
{
sos_bochs_putstring("0x");
sos_bochs_puthex(offs, 4);
}
if ((offs % 8) == 0)
sos_bochs_putstring(" ");
c = (const unsigned char*)(addr + offs);
sos_bochs_puthex(*c, 1);
sos_bochs_putstring(" ");
if (((offs + 1) % 16) == 0)
sos_bochs_putstring("\n");
}
if (offs % 16)
sos_bochs_putstring("\n");
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_printf(const char *format, /* args */...)
{
char buff[256];
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
vsnprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return sos_bochs_putstring(buff);
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_BOCHS_H_
#define _SOS_BOCHS_H_
/**
* @file bochs.h
*
* If you compiled Bochs with the --enable-e9-hack, then any character
* printed to the 0xE9 I/O port is printed to the xterm that is
* running Bochs. This may appear to be a detail, but in fact, this
* functionnality is *VERY* precious for debugging purposes. This
* """driver""" handles this feature.
*/
#include <sos/errno.h>
#include <sos/types.h>
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_setup(void);
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_putstring(const char* str);
/** Print the least signficant 32 (nbytes == 4), 24 (nbytes == 3), 16
(nbytes == 2) or 8 (nbytes == 1) bits of val in hexadecimal. */
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_puthex(unsigned val, int nbytes);
/** hexdump-style pretty printing */
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_hexdump(const void* addr, int nbytes);
/**
* Print the formatted string. Very restricted version of printf(3):
* 1/ can print max 255 chars, 2/ supports only %d/%i, %c, %s, %x
* without any support for flag charachters (eg %08x).
*/
sos_ret_t sos_bochs_printf(const char *format, /* args */...)
__attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
#endif

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include <sos/klibc.h>
#include <hwcore/ioports.h>
#include "x86_videomem.h"
/* The text video memory starts at address 0xB8000. Odd bytes are the
ASCII value of the character, even bytes are attribute for the
preceding character. */
#define VIDEO 0xb8000
/* Console screen size */
#define LINES 25
#define COLUMNS 80
/** The structure of a character element in the video memory. @see
http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AoA DOS edition chapter 23 */
typedef struct {
unsigned char character;
unsigned char attribute;
} __attribute__ ((packed)) x86_video_mem[LINES*COLUMNS];
/** The base pointer for the video memory */
static volatile x86_video_mem *video = (volatile x86_video_mem*)VIDEO;
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_setup(void)
{
/*
* Hide cursor. @see Ralf Brown's interrupt (and port) list
* http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~ralf/files.html
*/
#define CRT_REG_INDEX 0x3d4
#define CRT_REG_DATA 0x3d5
/* CRT index port => ask for access to register 0xa ("cursor
start") */
outb(0x0a, CRT_REG_INDEX);
/* (RBIL Tables 708 & 654) CRT Register 0xa => bit 5 = cursor OFF */
outb(1 << 5, CRT_REG_DATA);
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_cls(unsigned char attribute)
{
/* Clears the screen */
int i;
for(i = 0 ; i < LINES*COLUMNS ; i++)
{
(*video)[i].character = 0;
(*video)[i].attribute = attribute;
}
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putstring(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
const char *str)
{
unsigned video_offs = row*COLUMNS + col;
if (video_offs >= LINES*COLUMNS)
return -SOS_EINVAL;
for ( ; str && *str && (video_offs < LINES*COLUMNS) ; str++, video_offs++)
{
(*video)[video_offs].character = (unsigned char)*str;
(*video)[video_offs].attribute = attribute;
}
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putchar(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
unsigned char c)
{
unsigned video_offs = row*COLUMNS + col;
if (video_offs >= LINES*COLUMNS)
return -SOS_EINVAL;
(*video)[video_offs].character = c;
(*video)[video_offs].attribute = attribute;
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_printf(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
const char *format, /* args */...)
{
char buff[256];
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
vsnprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return sos_x86_videomem_putstring(row, col, attribute, buff);
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_X86_VIDEOMEM_H_
#define _SOS_X86_VIDEOMEM_H_
/**
* @file x86_videomem.h
*
* On x86 PC platforms, the text mode screen memory (and CGA/EGA/VGA
* too) is mapped into physical memory. This file handles access to
* this screen, supposed to be set in text-mode, through this memory
* area. All the functions below print the characters directly to the
* memory, without interpreting the escaped characters (such as \n,
* \r...)
*/
#include <sos/errno.h>
/**
* x86 video attributes
* See http://webster.cs.ucr.edu/AoA/DOS/ch23/CH23-1.html
*/
/* Normal and Dark/Light foreground */
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLACK 0
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_DKGRAY 8
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLUE 1
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTBLUE 9
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_GREEN 2
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN 10
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_CYAN 3
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTCYAN 11
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_RED 4
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED 12
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_MAGENTA 5
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTMAGENTA 13
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BROWN 6
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW 14
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGRAY 7
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_WHITE 15
/* Background */
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLACK (0 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE (1 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_GREEN (2 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_CYAN (3 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_RED (4 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_MAGENTA (5 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BROWN (6 << 4)
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_LTGRAY (7 << 4)
/* Blinking */
#define SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_BLINKING (1 << 7)
/** Setup the video RAM mapping and clear the screen */
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_setup(void);
/** Clears the screen and set the background color as given by
attribute */
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_cls(unsigned char attribute);
/** Print the string on the scren with the given attribute. Does not
handle scrolling */
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putstring(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
const char *str);
/** Print the character on the scren with the given attribute. Does not
handle scrolling */
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_putchar(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
unsigned char c);
/**
* Print the formatted string. Very restricted version of printf(3):
* 1/ can print max 255 chars, 2/ supports only %d/%i, %c, %s, %x
* without any support for flag charachters (eg %08x).
*/
sos_ret_t sos_x86_videomem_printf(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
const char *format, /* args */...)
__attribute__ ((format (printf, 4, 5)));
#endif /* _SOS_X86_VIDEOMEM_H_ */

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OBJCOPY=objcopy
all: sos_qemu.img
-include ../.mkvars
# The image is the simple concatenation of the boot sector and the kernel
# It may be use in bochs or on a real floppy, but NOT in qemu (see below)
sos_bsect.img: bsect.bin sos.bin
cat $^ > $@
@echo "You can use the $@ image in bochs or on a real floppy (NOT qemu)"
# For qemu, the trick is to tell it we have *more* than 1440 sectors (720kB).
# Rtherwise the qemu disk geometry will be configured to be that of a 720kB
# floppy, while our boot sector assumes it to be 1.44MB
sos_qemu.img: sos_bsect.img
# Padding with 0s after the bsect/kernel image
cat $< /dev/zero | dd of=$@ bs=1k count=1440
@echo "You can use the $@ image in qemu, bochs, or on a real floppy"
# we extract the boot sector from the main ELF binary
bsect.bin: sos_bsect.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -v -O binary -j .bootsect $< $@
# we extract the kernel code from the main ELF binary
sos.bin: sos_bsect.elf
$(OBJCOPY) -v -O binary -R .bootsect $< $@
# The main ELF binary contains the boot sector and the kernel code
# linked together (hence we deal with a SINGLE image that we split
# above) because they share some symbol definitions
sos_bsect.elf: bootsect.o compile_kernel
$(LD) --warn-common -T ./sos_bsect.lds -o $@ \
bootsect.o $(wildcard ../hwcore/*.o ../drivers/*.o ../sos/*.o)
compile_kernel:
$(MAKE) -C ..
clean:
$(RM) *.img *.elf *.bin *~ *.o *.out

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Contents of the extra/ directory
================================
Data and configuration files to support generation of sos on non-x86
and/or grub-less hosts:
- dot.mkvars: file to copy as .mkvars in the root directory to
compile on a non-x86 host, and to generate the grub floppy image on
a grub-less host
- grub.img.gz: compressed image of a Grub floppy (without any
kernel). Used by dot.mkvars.
- mtoolsrc: file needed by .mkvars to compile a the floppy image
Support of a sos-specific boot sector:
- Makefile: rules to compile sos_bsect.img, the floppy image with the
boot sector and the Sos
- bootsect.S: x86 Sos boot sector (GNU as). Depends on sos_bsect.lds
- sos_bsect.lds: ld script to bind the boot sector with the remaining
of the kernel
Misc:
- qemu-port-e9.diff: patch over qemu to support the bochs "port 0xe9 hack"
What you can do with these files
================================
*** Compile SOS from another architecture:
------------------------------------------
- compile a cross-compiler for the i586-gnu target. This involves
compiling the binutils and gcc. Here are example configuration
options for them:
binutils (replace sparc-cun-solaris with your arch):
../binutils-2.13/configure --prefix=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/stow/binutils-2.11 --host=sparc-sun-solaris2.7 i586-gnu
make && make install
gcc (ditto):
CFLAGS="-O2 -Dinhibit_libc" ../gcc-3.2/configure --target=i586-gnu --prefix=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/stow/gcc-3.2 --with-as=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/bin/as --with-ld=/udd/ddecotig/temp_dd/xgcc/host-sparc-solaris7/bin/ld --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --enable-languages=c --disable-shared --disable-multilib --disable-nls --enable-threads=single
make && make install
- compile the mtools
- copy dot.mkvars to the root directory of SOS, as ".mkvars"
- customize the CC/LD/... variables to suit your cross-compiler
installatioon
- now you may run make from the SOS root directory, it should
generate the Grub boot floppy image. The following warning is
normal:
.mkvars:16: attention : écrasement des commandes pour la cible « grub-sos.img »
Makefile:92: attention : anciennes commandes ignorées pour la cible « grub-sos.img »
*** To compile SOS from an x86 where grub is not or incorrectly installed:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
- copy dot.mkvars to the root directory of SOS, as ".mkvars"
- customize the CC/LD/... variables to suit your cross-compiler
installatioon
- now you may run make from the SOS root directory, it should
generate the Grub boot floppy image. The following warning is
normal:
.mkvars:16: attention : écrasement des commandes pour la cible « grub-sos.img »
Makefile:92: attention : anciennes commandes ignorées pour la cible « grub-sos.img »
*** To compile SOS with its own bootloader:
-------------------------------------------
- for cross-architecture compilation: see above
- cd to this extra/ directory
- run 'make'
- the floppy image is: sos_bsect.img
NOTE : SOS will not boot correctly this way after article 2 !
--
David Decotigny

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/*
* @(#) $Id: bootsect.S,v 1.6 2004/06/18 07:43:51 d2 Exp $
* Description : Bootsecteur en syntaxe AT&T
* Auteurs : Thomas Petazzoni & Fabrice Gautier & Emmanuel Marty
* Jerome Petazzoni & Bernard Cassagne & coffeeman
* David Decotigny
* Bug reports to kos-misc@enix.org
*/
/*
* But global de ce bootsecteur :
*
* - Initialiser la becane
* - Charger le kernel
* - Passer en mode protege
* - Executer le kernel
*
* Taille restante : Je vous rappelle qu'un bootsecteur ne peut faire
* qu'au maximum 512 octets dont 2 octets obligatoires 0xAA55. Sur
* les 510 octets reellement utilisables, il reste 3 octets dispo (60
* si on decide d'enlever le BPB un jour) !!!
*
* thomas_petazzoni : - detection des codes d'erreurs de chargement
* David_Decotigny : - Passage en GNU as
* David_Decotigny : - Chargement du noyau au-dela du 1er Mega (taille
* max = 0x9e000 octets = 632ko), pour avoir le
* meme noyau sous grub et avec le bootsecteur
*/
/*
* Sequence d'operations :
* - Le BIOS charge le bootsect en 0x7c00 (BOOT_ADRESS). On choisit
* la representation 0x7c0:0000 pour que le .org 0 reste valide
* - Le bootsect se deplace de lui-meme en 0x9f000 (COPY_ADRESS). On
* choisit la representation 0x9f00:0000 pour que le .org 0 reste
* valide
* - Le bootsect verifie que le processeur est du type 386+
* - Il charge le noyau depuis la disquette en memoire a partir de
* 0x1000 (LOAD_ADRESS). Le noyau peut au max tenir sur
* SECTORS_TO_LOAD secteurs
* - Il passe en pmode flat (apres ouverture a20)
* - Il recopie le noyau (situe en LOAD_ADRESS) vers son adresse
* finale (FINAL_ADDRESS = 2Mo). La recopie se fait sur tout l'espace
* LOAD_ADRESS ---> COPY_ADRESS, c'est a dire sur 0x9e000 octets =
* 632ko. Le noyau peut donc au max faire 632ko. Le nombre max de
* secteurs de disquette qu'on peut charger est donc 1264
*/
/* La taille de la pile */
#define BOOT_STACK_SIZE 0x4000
.file "bootsect.S"
/* Tout est place dans une seule section */
.section ".bootsect"
/* L'essentiel du bootsector (sauf les 1eres instructions)
sont a un offset 0. On fait en sorte que le compilo soit
d'accord la-dessus. Quand on a des adresse realm exotiques
(0x7c00, 0x9f000, ...), on s'arrange toujours pour avoir un
offset de 0 => on choisira le segment adapte (0x7c0,
0x9f00, ...). Il ne faut pas oublier le ld -Ttext 0 */
.org 0
/* Pour que gas genere du 16bits, afin que ca marche en realm */
.code16
#define SECTORS_TO_LOAD 128 /* 64 ko */ /* MAX=1264 */
/*
* Parametres de la disquette. Comme c'est chiant de faire une
* procedure de detection auto, et que ca prend de la place, on fait
* ca "a la main". Par exemple, une DD 720 Ko a 9 secteurs/piste, une
* 1.44 Mo a 18 secteurs/pistes
*/
#define CYLS 80
#define HEADS 1
#define SECTS 18
#define BOOT_ADRESS 0x07C00 /* Adresse de demarrage (lineaire) */
#define BOOT_SEG (BOOT_ADRESS>>4) /* Segment de Boot */
#define BOOT_SIZE 512 /* Taille bu bootsecteur */
#define COPY_ADRESS 0x9F000 /* La ou on va copier le
bootsecteur (lineaire) */
#define COPY_SEG (COPY_ADRESS>>4) /* Segment de la ou on va
copier le bootsecteur */
#define LOAD_ADRESS 0x01000 /* 1er chargement du systeme */
#define LOAD_SEG (LOAD_ADRESS>>4) /* Segment du 1er chargement du */
#define MAX_KERN_LEN COPY_ADRESS-LOAD_ADRESS /* Taille noyau maxi */
/* IMPORTANT : Cette valeur DOIT etre identique a l'adresse presente
dans sos.lds ! */
#define FINAL_ADDRESS 0x200000 /* Adresse finale (physique de 0 a 4G)
ou est charge le noyau */
#define OP16 .byte 0x66 ;
#define OP32 .byte 0x66 ;
/*
* Procedure qui vide le buffer clavier.
*/
#define WAITKB \
1: ;\
.word 0xeb ;\
.word 0xeb ;\
inb $0x64, %al ;\
andb $0x2, %al ;\
jnz 1b
/* Le point d'entree dans le bootsect */
.globl _bsect
_bsect:
/*
* La portion qui suit est situee a un offset 0x7c00 en
* memoire. Attention donc aux references memoire dans cette
* partie. On choisit de rester en offset 0 (.org 0), mais on
* charge correctement les segments a 0x7c0.
*/
movw $BOOT_SEG, %ax /* le bootsecteur est a 0x7C00 en lineaire */
movw %ax, %ds /* on le copie a l'adresse COPY_ADRESS */
xorw %si, %si /* comme cette adresse est la plus haute de la mem */
xorw %di, %di /* on pourra charger un kernel + gros */
movw $(BOOT_SIZE>>1), %cx
movw $COPY_SEG, %ax
movw %ax, %es
cld
rep ; movsw
/* on continue a executer le bootsecteur, mais maintenant a
partir de 0x9F000, qu'on represente sous la forme
0x9f00:offset */
ljmp $COPY_SEG, $here
/*
* A partir de maintenant, on est a un offset 0 en memoire
* (segment 0x9f00), conformement a ce que veut le compilo.
*/
here:
movw %ax, %ds
/* Petite pile temporaire (1k - 3.84k en RAM ; les adresses 0-1k
correspondent au vecteur d'interruptions). */
movw %ax, %ss
movw $(LOAD_ADRESS - 0x10), %sp
/* Efface l'ecran */
movb $0x0, %ah
movb $0x3, %al
int $0x10
/* Affiche les messages d'attente */
movw $loadkern, %si
call message
movw $check, %si
call message
check386:
/*
* la attention, plus complexe : on teste si le proc est un
* 386+ pour cela, on va essayer de modifier les bits 12 ? 14
* du registre E-flag si la modification reste, alors le proc
* est un 386+, sinon, c'est =< 286
*
* Merci a Emmanuel Marty pour la compatibilite avec les 386
* "pre-jurassique"
*/
pushf /* on sauvegarde le E-Flag */
movb $0x70, %ah
pushw %ax
popf
pushf
popw %ax
orb %ah, %ah
je no386 /* si la modif n'est pas valable, alors on saute a
no386 */
popf /* on les restaure ? la fin ... */
/* Message de confirmation de 386+ et d'attente */
movw $found386, %si
call message
movw $loading, %si
call message
/* Copie du noyau disquette => RAM a partir de 0x1000
L'adresse de destination est définie par es:0, où es vaut
initialement 0x100 (ie correspond alors à l'adresse 256*16, soit 4
ko). Chaque itération incrémente ce registre es de 32, ce qui
correspond à un bond de 32*16 en mémoire, soit la taille d'un
secteur. De cette façon, puisqu'on joue sur les segments plutôt que
sur les offsets, la taille du noyau n'est pas limitée à 64 ko. Elle
est limitée par contre à la taille de la mémoire disponible sous
les 1Mo, \ie 640 ko (0x9f000 - 0x1000). */
copyKernel:
/* Chargement du noyau en LOAD_SEG:0 */
/* 3 iterateurs :
- load_size : le nbre de secteurs a charger
- cl : le secteur ou on en est pour le
cylindre en cours (<= SECTS)
- dh : la tete en cours (0/1)
*/
movb $0, %dl
movw $LOAD_SEG, %ax
movw %ax, %es
xorw %bx, %bx
xorw %dx, %dx
movw $1, %cx /* premier secteur */
.nextsector: /* prochain secteur */
incb %cl /* en incrementant CL */
cmpb $SECTS, %cl /* si CL =< SECTS (=nbre de secteurs/pistes)
alors on charge */
jbe .sector
movb $1, %cl /* sinon on revient au secteur 1 */
incb %dh /* mais sur l'autre tete */
cmpb $1, %dh /* on recompare, si DH =< 1 */
je .sector /* on charge */
movb $0, %dh /* sinon on repasse a la tete 0 */
incb %ch /* mais on change de cylindre */
.sector:
pushw %es
movw $0x0201, %ax /* service 0x2, chargement 0x1 seecteur */
int $0x13 /* Go ! */
jc halt /* erreur */
popw %ax
addw $32, %ax /* on a charge un secteur, donc on doit
charger 512 bytes plus loin */
movw %ax, %es /* on avance donc le segment du buffer de
32bytes, ie 1 secteur en RAM (car 32*16=512) */
movw $(0x0E*256+'.'), %ax /* affiche un point */
int $0x10
decw (load_size) /* et on repart pour le prochain secteur
tant qu'on n'a pas fini ! */
jnz .nextsector
after:
movw $0x03f2, %dx
inb %dx, %al /* stoppe le moteur */
andb $0x0f, %al
outb %al, %dx
cli /* on interdit les interruptions */
fincopie:
pushw %cs
popw %ds
/* on ouvre la porte A20 */
WAITKB /* on vide le buffer */
movb $0xd1, %al /* on met a jour le port */
outb %al, $0x64
WAITKB
movb $0xdf, %al /* bit 2 = ouverture/fermeture */
outb %al, $0x60
/*
* init gdt
*/
InitGDT:
/* Préparation du flat mode */
lgdt gdtr
GoPMode:
/* Passage en mode protégé */
movl %cr0, %eax
orb $1, %al /* set PE bit to 1 */
movl %eax, %cr0
/* we are not yet in Pmode jump 'in' pmode clearing prefetch
* queue and loading a new selector */
movw $0x10, %ax
movw %ax, %ds
movw %ax, %es
movw %ax, %fs
movw %ax, %gs
/*
* Code 32 bits ============================================================
*/
.code32
JumpToHere32: /* Se deplace a l'endroit actuel, en passant en 32bits
et en utilisant la gdt, et vide la prefetch queue */
.byte 0x66 /* Prefixe 32bits : en realite, jusqu'au jmp, on est
encore en 16 bits */
ljmp $0x8, $(COPY_ADRESS+(Here32))
Here32:
/* Et voila : On est en 32 bits vrai */
MoveKernelToFinalAddr: /* Deplace le noyau (en LOAD_ADDRESS) vers sa
destination finale (FINAL_ADDRESS) */
movl $0x10, %eax
movl %eax, %ds /* Seg Src = DSeg */
movl %eax, %es /* Sed Dest = DSeg */
cld
movl $LOAD_ADRESS, %esi /* On commence la copie au debut du noyau */
movl $FINAL_ADDRESS, %edi /* On copie vers cette adresse */
movl $MAX_KERN_LEN, %ecx /* Taille recopie */
shrl $2, %ecx
rep
movsl
LaunchKernel:
/* Met en place une pile au niveau du symbole "stack" */
movl %eax, %ss
movl $(stack + BOOT_STACK_SIZE), %ebp
movl %ebp, %esp
/* Saut vers le noyau. La GDT est en place (flat mode), les
* selecteurs aussi, a20 est ouverte, et les interruptions sont
* cli + pas de idt. Le PIC n'est pas programme */
ljmp $0x8, $sos_main
/*
* Utilities ============================================================
*/
.code16
message:
lodsb /* charge ds:si dans al et incremente si */
orb %al, %al /* si al = 0 */
jz 1f
movb $0x0e, %ah /* service 0Eh (affichage d'un caractere) */
movw $0x0007, %bx /* Parametres : blanc sur fond noir */
int $0x10 /* Appel de l'interruption 10h */
jmp message /* On repart au début ... */
1: ret /* si la chaine est finie alors on retourne
dans la fonction appelante */
halt:
pushw %cs
popw %es
movw $haltmsg, %si
call message
cli
1: jmp 1b
ret
no386:
movw $need386, %si
call message
call halt
/*
* GDT
*/
gdt:
gdtr:
NULL_Desc:
.word (EndGDT)-(gdt)-1 /* Taille GDT */
.long (gdt)+COPY_ADRESS
unused:
.word 0
CS_Desc: /* 0x8 */
.word 0xFFFF, 0
.byte 0, 0x9B, 0xCF, 0
DS_Desc: /* 0x10 */
.word 0xFFFF, 0
.byte 0, 0x93, 0xCF, 0
EndGDT:
/* quelques messages */
loadkern: .string "-= S O S =- : The Simple Operating System \r\n"
check: .string "Checking for a 386+ processor... "
found386: .string " [OK]\r\n"
need386: .string " [FAILED]\r\n"
diskerror: .string "Disk Error\r\n"
loading: .string "Loading... "
haltmsg: .string "System Halted\r\n"
/*** Les code/données du boot secteur se terminent ICI. le marqueur de
* fin (aa55) est ajouté automatiquement par le script ld
* sos_bsect.lds ***/
/* La pile de 16k qu'on utilise au niveau de LaunchKernel se trouve
declaree avec le noyau, dans sa section ".bss", cad HORS du boot
secteur ! (sinon ca depasserait 512B, forcément). On aurait pu la
définir directement dans le sos_bsect.lds, ou dans un fichier .c
auxiliaire pour plus de clarté */
.comm stack, BOOT_STACK_SIZE

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# For cross-compilation and/or installations without grub available,
# copy this file as .mkvars to the root directory of the SOS sources,
# and customize the CC/LD/... variables. You still need the mtools
# installed and running
CC := i586-gnu-gcc
LD := i586-gnu-ld
OBJCOPY := i586-gnu-objcopy
CFLAGS += -O3
# Configuration of mtools
MTOOLSRC = extra/mtoolsrc
export MTOOLSRC
$(MULTIBOOT_IMAGE): $(KERNEL_OBJ) menu.txt
gzip -dc < extra/grub.img.gz > $@
mcopy menu.txt v:/boot/grub/
mmd v:/system
mcopy sos.elf v:/system/sos.elf
menu.txt:
echo timeout 0 > $@
echo default 0 >> $@
echo title SOS >> $@
echo "root (fd0)" >> $@
echo kernel /system/sos.elf >> $@
runbochs: all
echo c | bochs -q

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# For older versions of mtools, you may have to remove "filter"
drive v: file="fd.img" 1.44M filter

73
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--- Makefile.target 17 Mar 2004 23:46:04 -0000 1.19
+++ Makefile.target 18 Mar 2004 14:20:29 -0000
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@
# must use static linking to avoid leaving stuff in virtual address space
VL_OBJS=vl.o osdep.o block.o monitor.o \
ide.o ne2000.o pckbd.o vga.o sb16.o dma.o oss.o \
- fdc.o mc146818rtc.o serial.o i8259.o i8254.o pc.o
+ fdc.o mc146818rtc.o serial.o i8259.o i8254.o pc.o \
+ port-e9.o
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH), ppc)
VL_OBJS+= hw.o
endif
--- hw/pc.c 14 Mar 2004 21:46:48 -0000 1.2
+++ hw/pc.c 18 Mar 2004 14:20:29 -0000
@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@
SB16_init();
fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table);
+ port_e9_init();
cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device);
}
--- /dev/null 2003-01-30 11:24:37.000000000 +0100
+++ port-e9.c 2004-03-18 15:18:52.660493187 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Port 0xe9 hack
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2004 E. Marty, the bochs team, D. Decotigny
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include "vl.h"
+
+static void bochs_e9_write(void *opaque, uint32_t address, uint32_t data)
+{
+ write(fileno(stdout), &data, 1);
+}
+
+void port_e9_init ()
+{
+ register_ioport_write(0xe9, 1, 1, bochs_e9_write, NULL);
+}
--- vl.h 17 Mar 2004 23:17:16 -0000 1.14
+++ vl.h 18 Mar 2004 14:29:06 -0000
@@ -268,4 +268,7 @@
void term_flush(void);
void term_print_help(void);
+/* port-e9.c */
+void port_e9_init(void);
+
#endif /* VL_H */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004, David Decotigny
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
SECTIONS
{
/* ***********************************************
* The bootsector is here. We link it against the remaining of the kernel
* in order to automatically figure out its size that must be loaded
* from file to memory (see the load_size definition below)
*/
/* If we use one, we put the boot sector here. We don't set its
* address to 0x7c000 (aka 0x7c00:0), since it reloads itself to
* 0x9f000, causing the 0x7c000 address to be meaningless too. So we
* chose to pretend that the address is 0x0, and to make a little
* address arithmetic in bootsect.S */
.bootsect 0x0 :
{
/* The code for the boot sector goes here */
*(.bootsect);
/* The load_size symbol contains the size of the area (in
* sectors, aka 512 Bytes) that the boot sector should copy from
* the disk. The bss section is not included since it uses 0
* bytes on disk */
load_size = .;
LONG((__e_load - __b_load + 511) >> 9);
/* ---> This is equivalent to ceil( (__e_load - __b_load) / 512 ) */
/* At offsets 511 and 512, we set the boot sector signature (AA55h) */
. = 0x1fe;
SHORT(0xAA55);
}
}
/* This is to avoid a cut/paste here. Please notice that a multiboot
* section WILL be inserted, which is NOT mandatory (we could have
* removed it without getting into trouble). Please note however that
* the *.bin files will NOT be multiboot compatible (they are not in ELF
* format): they are expected to be directly booted by the BIOS (or
* by the "chainloader" command of Grub). */
INCLUDE ../support/sos.lds
/* We overload the entry set in sos.lds, just to avoid an ld warning */
ENTRY(sos_main);

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "idt.h"
#include "irq.h"
#include "exception.h"
/* array of exception wrappers, defined in exception_wrappers.S */
extern sos_vaddr_t sos_exception_wrapper_array[SOS_EXCEPT_NUM];
/* arrays of exception handlers, shared with exception_wrappers.S */
sos_exception_handler_t sos_exception_handler_array[SOS_EXCEPT_NUM] =
{ NULL, };
sos_ret_t sos_exceptions_setup(void)
{
/* We inidicate that the double fault exception handler is defined,
and give its address. this handler is a do-nothing handler (see
exception_wrappers.S), and it can NOT be overriden by the
functions below */
return sos_idt_set_handler(SOS_EXCEPT_BASE + SOS_EXCEPT_DOUBLE_FAULT,
(sos_vaddr_t) sos_exception_wrapper_array[SOS_EXCEPT_DOUBLE_FAULT],
0 /* CPL0 routine */);
}
sos_ret_t sos_exception_set_routine(int exception_number,
sos_exception_handler_t routine)
{
sos_ret_t retval;
sos_ui32_t flags;
if ((exception_number < 0) || (exception_number >= SOS_EXCEPT_NUM))
return -SOS_EINVAL;
/* Double fault not supported */
if (exception_number == SOS_EXCEPT_DOUBLE_FAULT)
return -SOS_ENOSUP;
sos_disable_IRQs(flags);
retval = SOS_OK;
/* Set the exception routine to be called by the exception wrapper */
sos_exception_handler_array[exception_number] = routine;
/* If the exception is to be enabled, update the IDT with the exception
wrapper */
if (routine != NULL)
retval
= sos_idt_set_handler(SOS_EXCEPT_BASE + exception_number,
(sos_vaddr_t) sos_exception_wrapper_array[exception_number],
0 /* CPL0 routine */);
else /* Disable the IDT entry */
retval
= sos_idt_set_handler(SOS_EXCEPT_BASE + exception_number,
(sos_vaddr_t)NULL /* No routine => disable IDTE */,
0 /* don't care */);
sos_restore_IRQs(flags);
return retval;
}
sos_exception_handler_t sos_exception_get_routine(int exception_number)
{
if ((exception_number < 0) || (exception_number >= SOS_EXCEPT_NUM))
return NULL;
/* Double fault not supported */
if (exception_number == SOS_EXCEPT_DOUBLE_FAULT)
return NULL;
/* Expected to be atomic */
return sos_exception_handler_array[exception_number];
}

80
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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_HWEXCEPT_H_
#define _SOS_HWEXCEPT_H_
/**
* @file exception.c
*
* Hardware exception routines management.
*/
#ifndef ASM_SOURCE
# include <sos/errno.h>
#endif
/**
* Standard Intel x86 exceptions.
*
* @see Intel x86 doc vol 3, section 5.12.
*/
#define SOS_EXCEPT_DIVIDE_ERROR 0 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_DEBUG 1 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_NMI_INTERRUPT 2 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_BREAKPOINT 3 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_OVERFLOW 4 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_BOUND_RANGE_EXCEDEED 5 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INVALID_OPCODE 6 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_DEVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE 7 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_DOUBLE_FAULT 8 // Yes (Zero)
#define SOS_EXCEPT_COPROCESSOR_SEGMENT_OVERRUN 9 // No error code
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INVALID_TSS 10 // Yes
#define SOS_EXCEPT_SEGMENT_NOT_PRESENT 11 // Yes
#define SOS_EXCEPT_STACK_SEGMENT_FAULT 12 // Yes
#define SOS_EXCEPT_GENERAL_PROTECTION 13 // Yes
#define SOS_EXCEPT_PAGE_FAULT 14 // Yes
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_1 15 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_FLOATING_POINT_ERROR 16 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_ALIGNEMENT_CHECK 17 // Yes (Zero)
#define SOS_EXCEPT_MACHINE_CHECK 18 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_2 19 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_3 20 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_4 21 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_5 22 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_6 23 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_7 24 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_8 25 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_9 26 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_10 27 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_11 28 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_12 29 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_13 30 // No
#define SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_14 31 // No
#ifndef ASM_SOURCE
typedef void (*sos_exception_handler_t)(int exception_number);
sos_ret_t sos_exceptions_setup(void);
sos_ret_t sos_exception_set_routine(int exception_number,
sos_exception_handler_t routine);
sos_exception_handler_t sos_exception_get_routine(int exception_number);
#endif /* ! ASM_SOURCE */
#endif /* _SOS_HWEXCEPT_H_ */

197
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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The KOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "exception.h"
.file "exception_wrappers.S"
.text
/* The address of the table of handlers (defined in exception.c) */
.extern sos_exception_handler_array
/* The address of the table of wrappers (defined below, and shared
with exception.c */
.globl sos_exception_wrapper_array
/**
* For exceptions with/without error code, refer to Intel x86 doc vol 3,
* section 5.12
*/
/* These wrappers are for exceptions without error code */
.irp id, \
SOS_EXCEPT_DIVIDE_ERROR, \
SOS_EXCEPT_DEBUG, \
SOS_EXCEPT_NMI_INTERRUPT, \
SOS_EXCEPT_BREAKPOINT, \
SOS_EXCEPT_OVERFLOW, \
SOS_EXCEPT_BOUND_RANGE_EXCEDEED, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INVALID_OPCODE, \
SOS_EXCEPT_DEVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE, \
SOS_EXCEPT_COPROCESSOR_SEGMENT_OVERRUN, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_1, \
SOS_EXCEPT_FLOATING_POINT_ERROR, \
SOS_EXCEPT_MACHINE_CHECK, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_2, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_3, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_4, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_5, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_6, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_7, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_8, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_9, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_10, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_11, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_12, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_13, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INTEL_RESERVED_14
.p2align 2, 0x90
sos_exception_wrapper_\id:
.type sos_exception_wrapper_\id,@function
/* Fake error code */
pushl $0
/* Backup the context */
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %edi
pushl %esi
pushl %edx
pushl %ecx
pushl %ebx
pushl %eax
subl $2,%esp
pushw %ss
pushw %ds
pushw %es
pushw %fs
pushw %gs
/* Call the handler with exception number as
* argument */
pushl $\id
leal sos_exception_handler_array,%edi
call *\id*4(%edi)
addl $4, %esp
/* Restore the context */
popw %gs
popw %fs
popw %es
popw %ds
popw %ss
addl $2,%esp
popl %eax
popl %ebx
popl %ecx
popl %edx
popl %esi
popl %edi
popl %ebp
/* Remove fake error code */
addl $4, %esp
iret
.endr
/* These wrappers are for exceptions with error code */
.irp id, \
SOS_EXCEPT_INVALID_TSS, \
SOS_EXCEPT_SEGMENT_NOT_PRESENT, \
SOS_EXCEPT_STACK_SEGMENT_FAULT, \
SOS_EXCEPT_GENERAL_PROTECTION, \
SOS_EXCEPT_PAGE_FAULT, \
SOS_EXCEPT_ALIGNEMENT_CHECK
.p2align 2, 0x90
sos_exception_wrapper_\id:
.type sos_exception_wrapper_\id,@function
/* ret eflags */
/* ret cs */
/* ret eip */
/* Error code */
/* Backup the context */
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %edi
pushl %esi
pushl %edx
pushl %ecx
pushl %ebx
pushl %eax
subl $2,%esp
pushw %ss
pushw %ds
pushw %es
pushw %fs
pushw %gs
/* Call the handler with exception number as
* argument */
pushl $\id
leal sos_exception_handler_array,%edi
call *\id*4(%edi)
addl $4, %esp
/* Restore the context */
popw %gs
popw %fs
popw %es
popw %ds
popw %ss
addl $2,%esp
popl %eax
popl %ebx
popl %ecx
popl %edx
popl %esi
popl %edi
popl %ebp
/* Error code isn't compatible with iretd */
addl $4, %esp
iret
.endr
/* Double fault handler not supported. We must define it since we
define an entry for it in the sos_exception_wrapper_array. */
.irp id, SOS_EXCEPT_DOUBLE_FAULT
.p2align 2, 0x90
sos_exception_wrapper_\id:
.type sos_exception_wrapper_\id,@function
1: hlt
jmp 1b /* Machine halting */
.endr
/* Build the sos_irq_wrapper_array, shared with interrupt.c */
.section ".rodata"
.p2align 5, 0x0
sos_exception_wrapper_array:
.irp id, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, \
16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,29,30,31
.long (sos_exception_wrapper_\id)
.endr

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "segment.h"
#include "gdt.h"
/**
* The sructure of a segment descriptor.
*
* @see Intel x86 doc, Vol 3, section 3.4.3, figure 3-8. For segment
* types, see section 3.5
*/
struct x86_segment_descriptor
{
/* Lowest dword */
sos_ui16_t limit_15_0; /* Segment limit, bits 15..0 */
sos_ui16_t base_paged_addr_15_0; /* Base address, bits 15..0 */
/* Highest dword */
sos_ui8_t base_paged_addr_23_16; /* Base address bits 23..16 */
sos_ui8_t segment_type:4; /* Section 3.4.3.1 (code/data)
and 3.5 (system) of Intel x86 vol 3 */
sos_ui8_t descriptor_type:1; /* 0=system, 1=Code/Data */
sos_ui8_t dpl:2;
sos_ui8_t present:1;
sos_ui8_t limit_19_16:4; /* Segment limit, bits 19..16 */
sos_ui8_t custom:1;
sos_ui8_t zero:1;
sos_ui8_t op_size:1; /* 0=16bits instructions, 1=32bits */
sos_ui8_t granularity:1; /* 0=limit in bytes, 1=limit in pages */
sos_ui8_t base_paged_addr_31_24; /* Base address bits 31..24 */
} __attribute__ ((packed, aligned (8)));
/**
* The GDT register, which stores the address and size of the
* GDT.
*
* @see Intel x86 doc vol 3, section 2.4, figure 2-4; and section
* 3.5.1
*/
struct x86_gdt_register {
/* The maximum GDT offset allowed to access an entry in the GDT */
sos_ui16_t limit;
/* This is not exactly a "virtual" address, ie an adddress such as
those of instructions and data; this is a "linear" address, ie an
address in the paged memory. However, in SOS we configure the
segmented memory as a "flat" space: the 0-4GB segment-based (ie
"virtual") addresses directly map to the 0-4GB paged memory (ie
"linear"), so that the "linear" addresses are numerically equal
to the "virtual" addresses: this base_addr will thus be the same
as the address of the gdt array */
sos_ui32_t base_addr;
} __attribute__((packed, aligned(8)));
/**
* Helper macro that builds a Segment descriptor for the virtual
* 0..4GB addresses to be mapped to the linear 0..4GB linear
* addresses.
*/
#define BUILD_GDTE(descr_privilege_level,is_code) \
((struct x86_segment_descriptor) { \
.limit_15_0= 0xffff, \
.base_paged_addr_15_0= 0, \
.base_paged_addr_23_16= 0, \
.segment_type= ((is_code)?0xb:0x3), \
/* With descriptor_type (below) = 1 (code/data), \
* see Figure 3-1 of section 3.4.3.1 in Intel \
* x86 vol 3: \
* - Code (bit 3 = 1): \
* bit 0: 1=Accessed \
* bit 1: 1=Readable \
* bit 2: 0=Non-Conforming \
* - Data (bit 3 = 0): \
* bit 0: 1=Accessed \
* bit 1: 1=Writable \
* bit 2: 0=Expand up (stack-related) \
* For Conforming/non conforming segments, see \
* Intel x86 Vol 3 section 4.8.1.1 \
*/ \
.descriptor_type= 1, /* 1=Code/Data */ \
.dpl= ((descr_privilege_level) & 0x3), \
.present= 1, \
.limit_19_16= 0xf, \
.custom= 0, \
.op_size= 1, /* 32 bits instr/data */ \
.granularity= 1 /* limit is in 4kB Pages */ \
})
/** The actual GDT */
static struct x86_segment_descriptor gdt[] = {
[SOS_SEG_NULL] = (struct x86_segment_descriptor){ 0, },
[SOS_SEG_KCODE] = BUILD_GDTE(0, 1),
[SOS_SEG_KDATA] = BUILD_GDTE(0, 0),
};
sos_ret_t sos_gdt_setup(void)
{
struct x86_gdt_register gdtr;
/* Address of the GDT */
gdtr.base_addr = (sos_ui32_t) gdt;
/* The limit is the maximum offset in bytes from the base address of
the GDT */
gdtr.limit = sizeof(gdt) - 1;
/* Commit the GDT into the CPU, and update the segment
registers. The CS register may only be updated with a long jump
to an absolute address in the given segment (see Intel x86 doc
vol 3, section 4.8.1). */
asm volatile ("lgdt %0 \n\
ljmp %1,$1f \n\
1: \n\
movw %2, %%ax \n\
movw %%ax, %%ss \n\
movw %%ax, %%ds \n\
movw %%ax, %%es \n\
movw %%ax, %%fs \n\
movw %%ax, %%gs"
:
:"m"(gdtr),
"i"(SOS_BUILD_SEGMENT_REG_VALUE(0, FALSE, SOS_SEG_KCODE)),
"i"(SOS_BUILD_SEGMENT_REG_VALUE(0, FALSE, SOS_SEG_KDATA))
:"memory","eax");
return SOS_OK;
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_GDT_H_
#define _SOS_GDT_H_
/**
* @file gdt.h
*
* The routines that manage the GDT, the table that maps the virtual
* addresses (data/instructions, segment-relative), to "linear"
* addresses (ie paged-memory). In SOS/x86, we use a "flat" virtual
* space, ie the virtual and linear spaces are equivalent.
*
* @see Intel x86 doc vol 3, chapter 3
*/
#include <sos/errno.h>
/**
* Configure the virtual space as a direct mapping to the linear
* address space (ie "flat" virtual space).
*/
sos_ret_t sos_gdt_setup(void);
#endif /* _SOS_GDT_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The KOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include <hwcore/ioports.h>
#include "i8254.h"
/** 82c54 clock frequency */
#define I8254_MAX_FREQ 1193180
/* Ports to communicate with the 82c54 */
#define I8254_TIMER0 0x40
#define I8254_TIMER1 0x41
#define I8254_TIMER2 0x42
#define I8254_CONTROL 0x43
/**
* Configure the first timer of the 82c54 chip as a rate generator,
* which will raise an IRQ0 on a regular periodic basis, as given by
* the freq parameter. Second (RAM refresh) and third (speaker) timers
* are left unchanged. Maximum frequency is that of the 8254 clock, ie
* 1193180 Hz.
*
* Ahhh PC systems are nice toys: this maximum "strange" frequency
* equals that of the NTSC clock (14.31818 MHz) divided by 12. In
* turn, the famous 4.77 MHz cpu clock frequency of the first IBM PC
* is this same NTSC frequency divided by 3. Why the NTSC frequency as
* a base "standard" ? Because the 14.31818 MHz quartz were cheap at
* that time, and because it allows to simply drive altogether the
* cpu, the "time of day" timer, and the video signal generators.
*/
sos_ret_t sos_i8254_set_frequency(unsigned int freq)
{
unsigned int nb_tick;
if (freq <= 0)
return -SOS_EINVAL;
/* Compute counter value */
nb_tick = I8254_MAX_FREQ / freq;
/* Counter must be between 1 and 65536 */
if (nb_tick > 65536)
return -SOS_EINVAL;
if (nb_tick <= 0)
return -SOS_EINVAL;
/* The i8254 interprets 0 to mean counter == 65536, because 65536
cannot be coded on 16bits */
if (nb_tick == 65536)
nb_tick = 0;
/* We want to configure timer0, we want to send both LSB+MSB to set
timer0 freq (-> 0x30), and we configure timer0 in mode 2, ie as a
rate generator (-> 0x4) ==> 0x34 */
outb(0x34, I8254_CONTROL);
/* Send LSB of counter first */
outb((nb_tick & 0xFF), I8254_TIMER0);
/* Send MSB of counter */
outb((nb_tick >> 8) & 0xFF, I8254_TIMER0);
return SOS_OK;
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_i8259_H_
#define _SOS_i8259_H_
#include <sos/errno.h>
/**
* @file i8254.h PC programmable timer
*
* Programmable timer routines. See the Intel 82C54 datasheet (on kos
* website).
*
* @see i82C54 datasheet on Kos website.
*/
/** Change timer interrupt (IRQ 0) frequency */
sos_ret_t sos_i8254_set_frequency(unsigned int freq);
#endif /* _SOS_i8259_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The KOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "ioports.h"
#include "i8259.h"
#define PIC_MASTER 0x20
#define PIC_SLAVE 0xa0
/** Setup the 8259 PIC */
sos_ret_t sos_i8259_setup(void)
{
/* Send ICW1: 8086 mode + NOT Single ctrl + call address
interval=8 */
outb(0x11, PIC_MASTER);
outb(0x11, PIC_SLAVE);
/* Send ICW2: ctrl base address */
outb(0x20, PIC_MASTER+1);
outb(0x28, PIC_SLAVE+1);
/* Send ICW3 master: mask where slaves are connected */
outb(0x4, PIC_MASTER+1);
/* Send ICW3 slave: index where the slave is connected on master */
outb(0x2, PIC_SLAVE+1);
/* Send ICW4: 8086 mode, fully nested, not buffered, no implicit EOI */
outb(0x1, PIC_MASTER+1);
outb(0x1, PIC_SLAVE+1);
/* Send OCW1:
* Closing all IRQs : waiting for a correct handler The only IRQ
* enabled is the cascade (that's why we use 0xFB for the master) */
outb(0xFB, PIC_MASTER+1);
outb(0xFF, PIC_SLAVE+1);
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_i8259_enable_irq_line(int numirq)
{
if(numirq < 8)
/* irq on master PIC */
outb((inb(PIC_MASTER+1) & ~(1 << numirq)), PIC_MASTER+1);
else
/* irq on slave PIC */
outb((inb(PIC_SLAVE+1) & ~(1 << (numirq-8))), PIC_SLAVE+1);
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_i8259_disable_irq_line(int numirq)
{
if(numirq < 8)
/* irq on master PIC */
outb((inb(PIC_MASTER+1) | (1 << numirq)), PIC_MASTER+1);
else
/* irq on slave PIC */
outb((inb(PIC_SLAVE+1) | (1 << (numirq-8))), PIC_SLAVE+1);
return SOS_OK;
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_i8259_H_
#define _SOS_i8259_H_
#include <sos/errno.h>
/**
* @file i8259.h PIC
*
* PIC Management routines. See the Intel 8259A datasheet (on kos
* website), page 9+. Should be not be used directly: only interrupt.c
* should use this.
*
* @see i8259A datasheet on Kos website.
*/
/** Setup PIC and Disable all IRQ lines */
sos_ret_t sos_i8259_setup(void);
sos_ret_t sos_i8259_enable_irq_line(int numirq);
sos_ret_t sos_i8259_disable_irq_line(int numirq);
#endif /* _SOS_i8259_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "segment.h"
#include "idt.h"
/**
* An entry in the IDT, or "IDTE" in the following, ie a reference to
* a interrupt/trap routine or a task gate to handle the sw/hw
* interrupts and exceptions.
*
* @see figure 5-2, intel x86 doc, vol 3
*/
struct x86_idt_entry
{
/* Low dword */
sos_ui16_t offset_low; /* 15..0, offset of the routine in the segment */
sos_ui16_t seg_sel; /* 31..16, the ID of the segment */
/* High dword */
sos_ui8_t reserved:5; /* 4..0 */
sos_ui8_t flags:3; /* 7..5 */
sos_ui8_t type:3; /* 10..8 (interrupt gate, trap gate...) */
sos_ui8_t op_size:1; /* 11 (0=16bits instructions, 1=32bits instr.) */
sos_ui8_t zero:1; /* 12 */
sos_ui8_t dpl:2; /* 14..13 */
sos_ui8_t present:1; /* 15 */
sos_ui16_t offset_high; /* 31..16 */
} __attribute__((packed));
/**
* The IDT register, which stores the address and size of the
* IDT.
*
* @see Intel x86 doc vol 3, section 2.4, figure 2-4
*/
struct x86_idt_register
{
/* The maximum GDT offset allowed to access an entry in the GDT */
sos_ui16_t limit;
/* This is not exactly a "virtual" address, ie an adddress such as
those of instructions and data; this is a "linear" address, ie an
address in the paged memory. However, in SOS we configure the
segmented memory as a "flat" space: the 0-4GB segment-based (ie
"virtual") addresses directly map to the 0-4GB paged memory (ie
"linear"), so that the "linear" addresses are numerically equal
to the "virtual" addresses: this base_addr will thus be the same
as the address of the gdt array */
sos_ui32_t base_addr;
} __attribute__((packed, aligned (8)));
static struct x86_idt_entry idt[SOS_IDTE_NUM];
sos_ret_t sos_idt_setup()
{
struct x86_idt_register idtr;
int i;
for (i = 0 ;
i < SOS_IDTE_NUM ;
i++)
{
struct x86_idt_entry *idte = idt + i;
/* Setup an empty IDTE interrupt gate, see figure 5-2 in Intel
x86 doc, vol 3 */
idte->seg_sel = SOS_BUILD_SEGMENT_REG_VALUE(0, FALSE, SOS_SEG_KCODE);
idte->reserved = 0;
idte->flags = 0;
idte->type = 0x6; /* Interrupt gate (110b) */
idte->op_size = 1; /* 32bits instructions */
idte->zero = 0;
/* Disable this IDT entry for the moment */
sos_idt_set_handler(i, (sos_vaddr_t)NULL, 0/* Don't care */);
}
/*
* Setup the IDT register, see Intel x86 doc vol 3, section 5.8.
*/
/* Address of the IDT */
idtr.base_addr = (sos_ui32_t) idt;
/* The limit is the maximum offset in bytes from the base address of
the IDT */
idtr.limit = sizeof(idt) - 1;
/* Commit the IDT into the CPU */
asm volatile ("lidt %0\n"::"m"(idtr):"memory");
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_idt_set_handler(int index,
sos_vaddr_t handler_address,
int lowest_priviledge /* 0..3 */)
{
struct x86_idt_entry *idte;
if ((index < 0) || (index >= SOS_IDTE_NUM))
return -SOS_EINVAL;
if ((lowest_priviledge < 0) || (lowest_priviledge > 3))
return -SOS_EINVAL;
idte = idt + index;
if (handler_address != (sos_vaddr_t)NULL)
{
idte->offset_low = handler_address & 0xffff;
idte->offset_high = (handler_address >> 16) & 0xffff;
idte->dpl = lowest_priviledge;
idte->present = 1; /* Yes, there is a handler */
}
else /* Disable this IDT entry */
{
idte->offset_low = 0;
idte->offset_high = 0;
idte->dpl = 0;
idte->present = 0; /* No, there is no handler */
}
return SOS_OK;
}
sos_ret_t sos_idt_get_handler(int index,
sos_vaddr_t *handler_address,
int *lowest_priviledge)
{
if ((index < 0) || (index >= SOS_IDTE_NUM))
return -SOS_EINVAL;
if (handler_address != NULL)
*handler_address = idt[index].offset_low
| (idt[index].offset_high << 16);
if (lowest_priviledge != NULL)
*lowest_priviledge = idt[index].dpl;
return SOS_OK;
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_IDT_H_
#define _SOS_IDT_H_
/**
* @file idt.h
*
* Manage the x86 Interrupt Descriptor Table, the table which maps the
* hardware interrupt lines, hardware exceptions, and software
* interrupts, to software routines. We only define "interrupt gate"
* IDT entries. Don't use it directly; refer instead to interrupt.c,
* exceptions.c and syscall.c.
*
* @see Intel x86 doc, Vol 3, chapter 5
*/
#include <sos/errno.h>
#include <sos/types.h>
/* Mapping of the CPU exceptions in the IDT (imposed by Intel
standards) */
#define SOS_EXCEPT_BASE 0
#define SOS_EXCEPT_NUM 32
#define SOS_EXCEPT_MAX (SOS_HWEXCEPT_BASE + SOS_HWEXCEPT_NUM - 1)
/* Mapping of the IRQ lines in the IDT */
#define SOS_IRQ_BASE 32
#define SOS_IRQ_NUM 16
#define SOS_IRQ_MAX (SOS_IRQ_BASE + SOS_IRQ_NUM - 1)
/**
* Number of IDT entries.
*
* @note Must be large enough to map the hw interrupts, the exceptions
* (=> total is 48 entries), and the syscall(s). Since our syscall
* will be 0x42, it must be >= 0x43. Intel doc limits this to 256
* entries, we use this limit.
*/
#define SOS_IDTE_NUM 256 /* 0x100 */
/** Initialization routine: all the IDT entries (or "IDTE") are marked
"not present". */
sos_ret_t sos_idt_setup(void);
/**
* Enable the IDT entry if handler_address != NULL, with the given
* lowest_priviledge.\ Disable the IDT entry when handler_address ==
* NULL (the lowest_priviledge parameter is then ignored). Intel doc
* says that there must not be more than 256 entries.
*
* @note IRQ Unsafe
*/
sos_ret_t sos_idt_set_handler(int index,
sos_vaddr_t handler_address,
int lowest_priviledge /* 0..3 */);
/**
* @note IRQ Unsafe
*
* @return the handler address and DPL in the 2nd and 3rd
* parameters
*/
sos_ret_t sos_idt_get_handler(int index,
sos_vaddr_t *handler_address,
int *lowest_priviledge);
#endif /* _SOS_IDT_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 All GPL'ed OS
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_IOPORTS_H_
#define _SOS_IOPORTS_H_
/**
* @ioports.h
*
* Intel-specific I/O space access routines.
*/
/* This macro allows to write to an I/O port */
#define outb(value, port) \
__asm__ volatile ( \
"outb %b0,%w1" \
::"a" (value),"Nd" (port) \
) \
// read one byte from port
#define inb(port) \
({ \
unsigned char _v; \
__asm__ volatile ( \
"inb %w1,%0" \
:"=a" (_v) \
:"Nd" (port) \
); \
_v; \
})
#endif /* _SOS_IOPORTS_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "idt.h"
#include "i8259.h"
#include "irq.h"
/* array of IRQ wrappers, defined in irq_wrappers.S */
extern sos_vaddr_t sos_irq_wrapper_array[SOS_IRQ_NUM];
/* arrays of IRQ handlers, shared with irq_wrappers.S */
sos_irq_handler_t sos_irq_handler_array[SOS_IRQ_NUM] = { NULL, };
sos_ret_t sos_irq_setup(void)
{
return sos_i8259_setup();
}
sos_ret_t sos_irq_set_routine(int irq_level,
sos_irq_handler_t routine)
{
sos_ret_t retval;
sos_ui32_t flags;
if ((irq_level < 0) || (irq_level >= SOS_IRQ_NUM))
return -SOS_EINVAL;
sos_disable_IRQs(flags);
retval = SOS_OK;
/* Set the irq routine to be called by the IRQ wrapper */
sos_irq_handler_array[irq_level] = routine;
/* If the irq is to be enabled, update the IDT with the IRQ
wrapper */
if (routine != NULL)
{
retval
= sos_idt_set_handler(SOS_IRQ_BASE + irq_level,
(sos_vaddr_t) sos_irq_wrapper_array[irq_level],
0 /* CPL0 routine */);
/* A problem occured */
if (retval != SOS_OK)
sos_irq_handler_array[irq_level] = NULL;
}
else /* Disable this idt entry */
{
retval
= sos_idt_set_handler(SOS_IRQ_BASE + irq_level,
(sos_vaddr_t)NULL /* Disable IDTE */,
0 /* Don't care */);
}
/* Update the PIC only if an IRQ handler has been set */
if (sos_irq_handler_array[irq_level] != NULL)
sos_i8259_enable_irq_line(irq_level);
else
sos_i8259_disable_irq_line(irq_level);
sos_restore_IRQs(flags);
return retval;
}
sos_irq_handler_t sos_irq_get_routine(int irq_level)
{
if ((irq_level < 0) || (irq_level >= SOS_IRQ_NUM))
return NULL;
/* Expected to be atomic */
return sos_irq_handler_array[irq_level];
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_HWINTR_H_
#define _SOS_HWINTR_H_
/**
* @file irq.c
*
* Hardware interrupts routines management.
*/
#include <sos/errno.h>
#define sos_save_flags(flags) \
asm volatile("pushfl ; popl %0":"=g"(flags)::"memory")
#define sos_restore_flags(flags) \
asm volatile("push %0; popfl"::"g"(flags):"memory")
#define sos_disable_IRQs(flags) \
({ sos_save_flags(flags); asm("cli\n"); })
#define sos_restore_IRQs(flags) \
sos_restore_flags(flags)
/* Usual IRQ levels */
#define SOS_IRQ_TIMER 0
#define SOS_IRQ_KEYBOARD 1
#define SOS_IRQ_SLAVE_PIC 2
#define SOS_IRQ_COM2 3
#define SOS_IRQ_COM1 4
#define SOS_IRQ_LPT2 5
#define SOS_IRQ_FLOPPY 6
#define SOS_IRQ_LPT1 7
#define SOS_IRQ_8_NOT_DEFINED 8
#define SOS_IRQ_RESERVED_1 9
#define SOS_IRQ_RESERVED_2 10
#define SOS_IRQ_RESERVED_3 11
#define SOS_IRQ_RESERVED_4 12
#define SOS_IRQ_COPROCESSOR 13
#define SOS_IRQ_HARDDISK 14
#define SOS_IRQ_RESERVED_5 15
typedef void (*sos_irq_handler_t)(int irq_level);
/** Setup the PIC */
sos_ret_t sos_irq_setup(void);
/**
* If the routine is not NULL, the IDT is setup to call an IRQ
* wrapper upon interrupt, which in turn will call the routine, and
* the PIC is programmed to raise an irq.\ If the routine is
* NULL, we disable the irq line.
*/
sos_ret_t sos_irq_set_routine(int irq_level,
sos_irq_handler_t routine);
sos_irq_handler_t sos_irq_get_routine(int irq_level);
#endif /* _SOS_HWINTR_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The KOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#define ASM_SOURCE 1
.file "irq_wrappers.S"
.text
/* The address of the table of handlers (defined in irq.c) */
.extern sos_irq_handler_array
/* The address of the table of wrappers (defined below, and shared
with irq.c */
.globl sos_irq_wrapper_array
/* These pre-handlers are for IRQ (Master PIC) */
.irp id, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
.p2align 2, 0x90
sos_irq_wrapper_\id:
.type sos_irq_wrapper_\id,@function
/*
* Backup the CPU context
*/
/* Fake error code */
pushl $0
/* Backup the actual context */
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %edi
pushl %esi
pushl %edx
pushl %ecx
pushl %ebx
pushl %eax
subl $2,%esp
pushw %ss
pushw %ds
pushw %es
pushw %fs
pushw %gs
/* Send EOI to PIC. See Intel 8259 datasheet
available on Kos website */
movb $0x20, %al
outb %al, $0x20
/*
* Call the handler with IRQ number as argument
*/
pushl $\id
leal sos_irq_handler_array,%edi
call *\id*4(%edi)
addl $4, %esp
/* Restore the context */
popw %gs
popw %fs
popw %es
popw %ds
popw %ss
addl $2,%esp
popl %eax
popl %ebx
popl %ecx
popl %edx
popl %esi
popl %edi
popl %ebp
/* Remove fake error code */
addl $4, %esp
iret
.endr
/* These pre-handlers are for IRQ (Slave PIC) */
.irp id, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
.p2align 2, 0x90
sos_irq_wrapper_\id:
.type sos_irq_wrapper_\id,@function
/*
* Backup the CPU context
*/
/* Fake error code */
pushl $0
/* Backup the actual context */
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
pushl %edi
pushl %esi
pushl %edx
pushl %ecx
pushl %ebx
pushl %eax
subl $2,%esp
pushw %ss
pushw %ds
pushw %es
pushw %fs
pushw %gs
/* Send EOI to PIC. See Intel 8259 datasheet
available on Kos website */
movb $0x20, %al
outb %al, $0xa0
outb %al, $0x20
/*
* Call the handler with IRQ number as argument
*/
pushl $\id
leal sos_irq_handler_array,%edi
call *\id*4(%edi)
addl $4, %esp
/* Restore the context */
popw %gs
popw %fs
popw %es
popw %ds
popw %ss
addl $2,%esp
popl %eax
popl %ebx
popl %ecx
popl %edx
popl %esi
popl %edi
popl %ebp
/* Remove fake error code */
addl $4, %esp
iret
.endr
/* Build the sos_irq_wrapper_array, shared with irq.c */
.section ".rodata"
.p2align 5, 0x0
sos_irq_wrapper_array:
.irp id, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15
.long (sos_irq_wrapper_\id)
.endr

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_HWSEGS_H_
#define _SOS_HWSEGS_H_
/**
* @file segments.h
*
* Global and local (GDT/LDT) segment descriptor definition and
* structure. These segments map virtual addresses (ie
* data/instruction addresses, relative to these segment descriptors)
* to linear addresses (ie addresses in the paged-memory space).
*
* @see Intel x86 doc, vol 3 chapter 3.
*/
#include <sos/types.h>
/*
* Global segment selectors (GDT) for SOS/x86.
*
* @see gdt.h
*/
#define SOS_SEG_NULL 0 /* NULL segment, unused by the procesor */
#define SOS_SEG_KCODE 1 /* Kernel code segment */
#define SOS_SEG_KDATA 2 /* Kernel data segment */
/**
* Helper macro that builds a segment register's value
*/
#define SOS_BUILD_SEGMENT_REG_VALUE(desc_privilege,in_ldt,seg_index) \
( (((desc_privilege) & 0x3) << 0) \
| (((in_ldt)?1:0) << 2) \
| ((seg_index) << 3) )
/*
* Local segment selectors (LDT) for SOS/x86
*/
/* None */
#endif /* _SOS_HWSEGS_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The KOS Team
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_ASSERT_H_
#define _SOS_ASSERT_H_
#include <drivers/bochs.h>
#include <drivers/x86_videomem.h>
/**
* If the expr is FALSE, print a message and halt the machine
*/
#define SOS_ASSERT_FATAL(expr) \
({ \
int __res=(int)(expr); \
if (! __res) { \
asm("cli\n"); /* disable interrupts -- x86 only */ \
sos_bochs_printf("%s@%s:%d Assertion " # expr " failed\n", \
__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
sos_x86_videomem_printf(24, 0, 12, \
"%s@%s:%d Assertion " # expr " failed", \
__PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
for (;;) asm("hlt;") ; /* Infinite loop, ie simple system halt */ \
} \
})
#endif /* _SOS_ASSERT_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_ERRNO_H_
#define _SOS_ERRNO_H_
/**
* @file errno.h
*
* SOS return value codes and errors.
*/
/* Positive values of the error codes */
#define SOS_OK 0 /* No error */
#define SOS_EINVAL 1 /* Invalid argument */
#define SOS_ENOSUP 2 /* Operation not supported */
#define SOS_EFATAL 255 /* Internal fatal error */
/* A negative value means that an error occured. For
* example -SOS_EINVAL means that the error was "invalid
* argument" */
typedef int sos_ret_t;
#endif /* _SOS_ERRNO_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 David Decotigny (with INSA Rennes for vsnprintf)
Copyright (C) 2003 The KOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#include "klibc.h"
/* For an optimized version, see BSD sources ;) */
void *memcpy(void *dst0, const void *src0, register unsigned int size)
{
char *dst;
const char *src;
for (dst = (char*)dst0, src = (const char*)src0 ;
size > 0 ;
dst++, src++, size--)
*dst = *src;
return dst0;
}
/* ditto */
void *memset(void *dst0, register int c, register unsigned int length)
{
char *dst;
for (dst = (char*) dst0 ;
length > 0 ;
dst++, length --)
*dst = (char)c;
return dst0;
}
int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, sos_size_t len)
{
const unsigned char *c1, *c2;
unsigned int i;
for (i = 0, c1 = s1, c2 = s2; i < len; i++, c1++, c2++)
{
if(*c1 != *c2)
return *c1 - *c2;
}
return 0;
}
unsigned int strlen(register const char *str)
{
unsigned int retval = 0;
while (*str++)
retval++;
return retval;
}
unsigned int strnlen(const char * s, sos_size_t count)
{
const char *sc;
for (sc = s; count-- && *sc != '\0'; ++sc)
/* nothing */continue;
return sc - s;
}
char *strzcpy(register char *dst, register const char *src, register int len)
{
int i;
if (len <= 0)
return dst;
for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
dst[i] = src[i];
if(src[i] == '\0')
return dst;
}
dst[len-1] = '\0';
return dst;
}
char *strzcat (char *dest, const char *src, sos_size_t n)
{
char *res = dest;
for ( ; *dest ; dest++);
for ( ; *src ; src++, dest++) {
*dest = *src;
n--;
if (n <= 0)
break;
}
*dest = '\0';
return res;
}
int strcmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2)
{
while (*s1 == *s2++)
if (*s1++ == 0)
return (0);
return (*(const unsigned char *)s1 - *(const unsigned char *)(s2 - 1));
}
int strncmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2, register int len)
{
char c1 = '\0', c2 = '\0';
while (len > 0)
{
c1 = (unsigned char) *s1++;
c2 = (unsigned char) *s2++;
if (c1 == '\0' || c1 != c2)
return c1 - c2;
len--;
}
return c1 - c2;
}
/* I (d2) borrowed and rewrote this for Nachos/INSA Rennes. Thanks to
them for having kindly allowed me to do so. */
int vsnprintf(char *buff, sos_size_t len, const char * format, va_list ap)
{
sos_size_t i, result;
if (!buff || !format || (len < 0))
return -1;
#define PUTCHAR(thechar) \
do { \
if (result < len-1) \
*buff++ = (thechar); \
result++; \
} while (0)
result = 0;
for(i=0 ; format[i] != '\0' ; i++){
switch (format[i])
{
case '%':
i++;
switch(format[i])
{
case '%':
{
PUTCHAR('%');
break;
}
case 'i':;
case 'd':
{
int integer = va_arg(ap,int);
int cpt2 = 0;
char buff_int[16];
if (integer<0)
PUTCHAR('-');
/* Ne fait pas integer = -integer ici parce que INT_MIN
n'a pas d'equivalent positif (int = [-2^31, 2^31-1]) */
do {
int m10 = integer%10;
m10 = (m10 < 0)? -m10:m10;
buff_int[cpt2++]=(char)('0'+ m10);
integer=integer/10;
} while(integer!=0);
for(cpt2 = cpt2 - 1 ; cpt2 >= 0 ; cpt2--)
PUTCHAR(buff_int[cpt2]);
break;
}
case 'c':
{
int value = va_arg(ap,int);
PUTCHAR((char)value);
break;
}
case 's':
{
char *string = va_arg(ap,char *);
if (! string)
string = "(null)";
for( ; *string != '\0' ; string++)
PUTCHAR(*string);
break;
}
case 'x':
{
unsigned int hexa = va_arg(ap,int);
unsigned int nb;
int i, had_nonzero = 0;
for(i=0 ; i < 8 ; i++)
{
nb = (unsigned int)(hexa << (i*4));
nb = (nb >> 28) & 0xf;
// Skip the leading zeros
if (nb == 0)
{
if (had_nonzero)
PUTCHAR('0');
}
else
{
had_nonzero = 1;
if (nb < 10)
PUTCHAR('0'+nb);
else
PUTCHAR('a'+(nb-10));
}
}
if (! had_nonzero)
PUTCHAR('0');
break;
}
break;
default:
PUTCHAR('%');
PUTCHAR(format[i]);
}
break;
default:
PUTCHAR(format[i]);
}
}
*buff = '\0';
return result;
}
int snprintf(char * buff, sos_size_t len, const char *format, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, format);
len = vsnprintf(buff, len, format, ap);
va_end(ap);
return len;
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2003 The KOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_KLIBC_H_
#define _SOS_KLIBC_H_
/**
* @file klibc.h
*
* Basic libc-style support for common useful functions (string.h,
* stdarg.h), some with slight non-standard behavior (see comments).
*/
#include <sos/types.h>
/* string.h functions */
void *memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, register unsigned int size ) ;
void *memset(void *dst, register int c, register unsigned int length ) ;
int memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, sos_size_t n);
unsigned int strlen( register const char *str) ;
unsigned int strnlen(const char * s, sos_size_t maxlen);
/**
* @note Same as strncpy(), with a slightly different semantic.
* Actually, strncpy(3C) says " The result will not be null-terminated
* if the length of 'from' is n or more.". Here, 'dst' is ALWAYS
* null-terminated. And its total len will ALWAYS be <= len, with
* null-terminating-char included.
*/
char *strzcpy( register char *dst, register const char *src,
register int len ) ;
/**
* @note Same as strncat(), with the same semantic : 'dst' is ALWAYS
* null-terminated. And its total len will ALWAYS be <= len, with
* null-terminating-char included.
*/
char *strzcat (char *dest, const char *src,
const sos_size_t len);
int strcmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2 );
int strncmp(register const char *s1, register const char *s2,
register int len );
/* Basic stdarg.h macros. Taken from gcc support files */
#define __GNUC_VA_LIST
typedef void *__gnuc_va_list;
typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list;
#define __va_rounded_size(TYPE) \
(((sizeof (TYPE) + sizeof (int) - 1) / sizeof (int)) * sizeof (int))
#define va_start(AP, LASTARG) \
(AP = ((__gnuc_va_list) __builtin_next_arg (LASTARG)))
#define va_end(AP) \
((void)0)
#define va_arg(AP, TYPE) \
(AP = (__gnuc_va_list) ((char *) (AP) + __va_rounded_size (TYPE)), \
*((TYPE *) (void *) ((char *) (AP) - __va_rounded_size (TYPE))))
#define __va_copy(dest, src) \
(dest) = (src)
/* stdarg.h functions. There might be a non-standard behavior: there
will always be a trailing '\0' in the resulting string */
int vsnprintf(char *, sos_size_t, const char *, va_list);
int snprintf(char *, sos_size_t, const char *, /*args*/ ...)
__attribute__ ((format (printf, 3, 4)));
#endif /* _SOS_KLIBC_H_ */

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
/* Include definitions of the multiboot standard */
#include <bootstrap/multiboot.h>
#include <hwcore/idt.h>
#include <hwcore/gdt.h>
#include <hwcore/irq.h>
#include <hwcore/exception.h>
#include <hwcore/i8254.h>
#include <sos/klibc.h>
#include <sos/assert.h>
#include <drivers/x86_videomem.h>
#include <drivers/bochs.h>
/* Helper function to display each bits of a 32bits integer on the
screen as dark or light carrets */
static void display_bits(unsigned char row, unsigned char col,
unsigned char attribute,
sos_ui32_t integer)
{
int i;
/* Scan each bit of the integer, MSb first */
for (i = 31 ; i >= 0 ; i--)
{
/* Test if bit i of 'integer' is set */
int bit_i = (integer & (1 << i));
/* Ascii 219 => dark carret, Ascii 177 => light carret */
unsigned char ascii_code = bit_i?219:177;
sos_x86_videomem_putchar(row, col++,
attribute,
ascii_code);
}
}
/* Clock IRQ handler */
static void clk_it(int intid)
{
static sos_ui32_t clock_count = 0;
display_bits(0, 48,
SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTGREEN | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
clock_count);
clock_count++;
}
/* Division by zero exception handler */
static void divide_ex(int exid)
{
static sos_ui32_t div_count = 0;
display_bits(0, 0,
SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
div_count);
div_count++;
}
/* The C entry point of our operating system */
void sos_main(unsigned long magic, unsigned long addr)
{
unsigned i;
/* Grub sends us a structure, called multiboot_info_t with a lot of
precious informations about the system, see the multiboot
documentation for more information. */
multiboot_info_t *mbi;
mbi = (multiboot_info_t *) addr;
/* Setup bochs and console, and clear the console */
sos_bochs_setup();
sos_x86_videomem_setup();
sos_x86_videomem_cls(SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE);
/* Greetings from SOS */
if (magic == MULTIBOOT_BOOTLOADER_MAGIC)
/* Loaded with Grub */
sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,
SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
"Welcome From GRUB to %s%c RAM is %dMB (upper mem = 0x%x kB)",
"SOS", ',',
(unsigned)(mbi->mem_upper >> 10) + 1,
(unsigned)mbi->mem_upper);
else
/* Not loaded with grub */
sos_x86_videomem_printf(1, 0,
SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_YELLOW | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
"Welcome to SOS");
sos_bochs_putstring("Message in a bochs\n");
/* Setup CPU segmentation and IRQ subsystem */
sos_gdt_setup();
sos_idt_setup();
/* Setup SOS IRQs and exceptions subsystem */
sos_exceptions_setup();
sos_irq_setup();
/* Configure the timer so as to raise the IRQ0 at a 100Hz rate */
sos_i8254_set_frequency(100);
/* Binding some HW interrupts and exceptions to software routines */
sos_irq_set_routine(SOS_IRQ_TIMER,
clk_it);
sos_exception_set_routine(SOS_EXCEPT_DIVIDE_ERROR,
divide_ex);
/* Enabling the HW interrupts here, this will make the timer HW
interrupt call our clk_it handler */
asm volatile ("sti\n");
/* Raise a rafale of 'division by 0' exceptions. All this code is
not really needed (equivalent to a bare "i=1/0;"), except when
compiling with -O3: "i=1/0;" is considered dead code with gcc
-O3. */
i = 10;
while (1)
{
/* Stupid function call to fool gcc optimizations */
sos_bochs_printf("i = 1 / %d...\n", i);
i = 1 / i;
}
/* Will never print this since the "divide by zero" exception always
returns to the faulting instruction (see Intel x86 doc vol 3,
section 5.12), thus re-evaluating the "divide-by-zero" exprssion
and raising the "divide by zero" exception again and again... */
sos_x86_videomem_putstring(2, 0,
SOS_X86_VIDEO_FG_LTRED | SOS_X86_VIDEO_BG_BLUE,
"Invisible");
return;
}

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/* Copyright (C) 2004 The SOS Team
Copyright (C) 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
#ifndef _SOS_TYPES_H_
#define _SOS_TYPES_H_
/**
* @file types.h
*
* SOS basic types definition
*/
/** Generic virtual address (kernel or user) */
typedef unsigned int sos_vaddr_t;
/** Memory size of an object (positive) */
typedef unsigned int sos_size_t;
/** Low-level sizes */
typedef unsigned long int sos_ui32_t; /* 32b unsigned */
typedef unsigned short int sos_ui16_t; /* 16b unsigned */
typedef unsigned char sos_ui8_t; /* 8b unsigned */
typedef enum { FALSE=0, TRUE } sos_bool_t;
/** Not a proper type, but highly useful with basic type
manipulations */
#define NULL ((void*)0)
#endif /* _SOS_TYPES_H_ */

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#!/bin/sh
# Copyright (C) 2003, David Decotigny
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
# USA.
# 1) What does it do ?
#
# 1) Check where Grub is installed (lookup_grub)
# 2) Assign some local variables using the shell script arguments.
# a) Argument 1 : the destination (either a file or a drive, like a:)
# b) Argument 2 : the loader (i.e kernel)
# c) Argument 3 : options passed to the loader
# d) Argument 4 : the modules (that can be loaded optionally by Grub)
# 3) Test whether destination is a drive or a file
# 4) Create the directory structure inside the drive
# 5) Copy the loader in the drive
# 6) Generate the 'menu.txt' file used by Grub to generate the boot menu
# 7) Copy all modules
# 8) Copy the menu.txt file
#
# 2) Why is it so complex ?
# Because it must support various Grub/mtools installations and versions
#
# In fact, this shell script is used in the KOS (kos.enix.org)
# project. This operating system consists in a loader and many many
# modules that are linked together at boot time. It is much more
# complex that a simple monolithic kernel.
#
# For your simple monolithic kernel, you only need to give argument 1
# and 2.
print_usage () {
echo "Usage: $0 [X:|image] path/to/loader option path/to/modules..."
echo " where X: is a valid floppy drive on your computer"
echo " where image is any file name"
exit 1
}
grub_dirs_common="/usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd /usr/local/share/grub/i386-pc /usr/share/grub/i386-pc /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc /usr/local/grub /usr/share/grub/i386-redhat /usr/local/src/grub-0.5.94 $HOME/share/grub/i386-pc/"
sbin_grub_path="/usr/local/sbin /usr/sbin /sbin $HOME/sbin"
PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin
export PATH
MTOOLSRC=mtoolsrc
export MTOOLSRC
# Redefined variables
FLOPPY_DRIVE=A:
IMG_FNAME=fd.img
##
## Format disk image
##
init_image () {
echo "Initialize disk image $IMG_FILE..."
if [ ! -f $IMG_FNAME ] ; then
dd if=/dev/zero of=$IMG_FNAME bs=18k count=80 1>/dev/null 2>&1
fi
rm -f $MTOOLSRC
echo "drive u: file=\"$IMG_FNAME\" 1.44M filter" > $MTOOLSRC
if mformat U: ; then : ; else
rm -f $MTOOLSRC
echo "drive u: file=\"$IMG_FNAME\" 1.44M" > $MTOOLSRC
if mformat U: ; then : ; else
rm -f $MTOOLSRC
echo "drive u: file=\"$IMG_FNAME\"" > $MTOOLSRC
mformat U:
fi
fi
}
##
## Format (real) floppy disk
##
init_floppy () {
echo "Formatting floppy..."
mformat $FLOPPY_DRIVE || exit 1
}
lookup_grub () {
# Look for a correct GRUBDIR
for d in $grub_dirs_common ; do
if [ -d $d ] ; then
GRUBDIR=$d
break
fi
done
# Try to guess with locate
if [ ! -d "$GRUBDIR" ] ; then
GRUBDIR=`locate stage2 | head -1 | xargs dirname 2>/dev/null`
fi
# Look for a correct sbin/grub
for d in $sbin_grub_path ; do
if [ -x $d/grub ] ; then
SBIN_GRUB=$d/grub
break
fi
done
if [ -d "$GRUBDIR" -a -x "$SBIN_GRUB" ] ; then
echo "Found correct grub installation in $GRUBDIR"
echo "Found correct /sbin/grub at $SBIN_GRUB"
else
echo "Couldn't find a correct grub installation."
exit 1
fi
}
##
## setup_disk [drive]
## => setup disk directory structure / copy files
##
setup_disk () {
echo "Setup destination disk..."
mmd $1/boot
mmd $1/boot/grub
if [ -d $GRUBDIR/stage1 ] ; then
mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage1/stage1 $1/boot/grub/
mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage2/stage2 $1/boot/grub/
else
mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage1 $1/boot/grub/
mcopy $GRUBDIR/stage2 $1/boot/grub/
fi
mmd $1/system
mmd $1/modules
$SBIN_GRUB --batch <<EOT 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null || exit 1
device (fd0) $IMG_FNAME
install (fd0)/boot/grub/stage1 (fd0) (fd0)/boot/grub/stage2 p (fd0)/boot/grub/menu.txt
quit
EOT
}
#################################################
## Real start
##
#[ "$#" -lt 3 ] && print_usage
lookup_grub
dest="$1" ; shift
loader_fname="$1" ; shift
options="$1" ; shift
modules="$*"
# Init destination disk
case x$dest in
x*:)
drive=$dest
IMG_FNAME=$dest
FLOPPY_DRIVE=$dest
init_floppy
;;
x*)
drive=U:
IMG_FNAME=$dest
init_image
;;
esac
# Create directory structure
setup_disk $drive
# Copy the loader
mcopy -bo $loader_fname $drive/system/`basename $loader_fname`
# Generate the menu.txt file
rm -f menu.txt
cat <<EOF > menu.txt
timeout 0
default 0
title Simple OS
root (fd0)
kernel /system/`basename $loader_fname` $options
EOF
# Copy the modules
for f in $modules ; do
if [ ! -f $f ] ; then
echo "ERROR: module $f not correctly compiled in."
exit 1
fi
if ! mcopy -bo $f $drive/modules/`basename $f` ; then
echo "ERROR: module $f could not be transferred to floppy."
exit 1
fi
echo module /modules/`basename $f` >> menu.txt
done
# Transfers the menu.txt file to floppy
mcopy -bo menu.txt $drive/boot/grub/

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/* Copyright (C) 2003, Thomas Petazzoni
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
*/
/* We generate binary in the ELF format */
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-i386","elf32-i386","elf32-i386");
/* The entry point is _start (defined in boot.S) */
ENTRY(_start)
/* The architecture is i386 */
OUTPUT_ARCH("i386")
SECTIONS
{
/* our kernel is loaded at 0x200000 */
. = 0x200000;
__b_load = .;
/* the multiboot header MUST come early enough in the output
object file */
.multiboot :
{
/* The multiboot section (containing the multiboot header)
goes here */
*(.multiboot);
/*
* With the following line, we force this section to be
* allocated in the output file as soon as possible, no matter
* when the file containing the multiboot header (multiboot.S)
* is compiled. This is to conform to the multiboot spec, which
* says "The Multiboot header must be contained completely
* within the first 8192 bytes of the OS image, and must be
* longword (32-bit) aligned."
*/
LONG(0);
}
/* Defines a symbol '__b_kernel to mark the start of the kernel
code/data */
. = ALIGN(4096);
__b_kernel = .;
/* Beginning of the text section */
.text ALIGN(4096) :
{
/* This section includes the code */
*(.text*)
/* Defines the 'etext' and '_etext' at the end */
PROVIDE(etext = .);
PROVIDE(_etext = .);
}
/* Beginning of the data section */
.data . :
{ *(.data*)
PROVIDE(edata = .);
PROVIDE(_edata = .);
}
/* Beginning of the read-only data section */
.rodata . :
{ *(.rodata*)
PROVIDE(erodata = .);
PROVIDE(_erodata = .);
}
/* We take note of the end of the data to load */
__e_load = .;
/* Beginning of the BSS section (global uninitialized data) */
.bss SIZEOF(.rodata) + ADDR(.rodata) :
{ *(.bss)
*(COMMON)
PROVIDE(ebss = .);
PROVIDE(_ebss = .);
}
/* We take note of the end of the kernel */
__e_kernel = .;
/* We don't care of the note, indent, comment, etc.. sections
generated by gcc */
/DISCARD/ :{
*(.note*)
*(.indent)
*(.comment)
*(.stab)
*(.stabstr)
}
}